Runtime Versions

Runtime v377: No structural changes detected.

Block economics hardening release changing DispatchClass from Operational to Normal for batches, proxies, and two admin calls. Includes 197M× fee increase on set_pending_childkey_cooldown to prevent priority DoS attacks. No mechanism logic changes.

Cleanup release removing EVM transaction priority clamping code and tests introduced in v365. Reverses the EVM priority fee enforcement that prevented frontrunning, restoring original priority behavior and re-enabling MEV capabilities.

Major swap pallet security release disabling user-provided liquidity to prevent exploit. Introduces configurable start_call_delay parameter (changed from hardcoded 7 days to 0 days default), fixes staking hotkeys tracking, enables system pallet weight info, and adds coldkey stake querying on subnets.

Minor release focused on Shield pallet benchmark cleanup and swap interface decoupling. Removed custom benchmark for announce_next_key (uses hardcoded high weight instead) and disabled automatic liquidity toggle on subnet registration.

Hotfix addressing root stake tracking consistency and pending child key cooldown default. Stake moves on root network now properly adjust root dividend claims, and child key cooldown defaults aligned with parent operations.

Major refactoring of Yuma Consensus removing rank, trust, and pruning_score calculations entirely. Introduction of RootProp storage for pre-calculated root proportions. Enhanced EVM transaction priority controls to prevent MEV, new admin utilities, and migration to clean up deprecated storage maps.

Critical bug fix for alpha injection caps during coinbase. Prevents excessive alpha injection into pools by capping at min(alpha_emission, tao_block_emission), closing potential economic attack vector where high-emission subnet could monopolize liquidity.

MAJOR UPDATE consolidating 9 spec versions (353-361): New MEV-shield pallet for encrypted transactions using post-quantum crypto (ML-KEM-768 + XChaCha20-Poly1305), major coinbase refactor separating emission injection from distribution, admin security improvements, BLS library migration, and cleanup of old migrations.

Bug fix for TAO inflow/outflow tracking in staking operations. Removed incorrect protocol TAO delta calculations that could be affected by concurrent operations, now directly records swap result amounts for accurate flow tracking.

Bug fix for swap fee handling in liquidity provider dissolution. Ensures fee_tao is properly refunded to users when protocol dissolves LP positions, previously only refunded principal and lost accumulated fees.

Disabled paying transaction fees in alpha, forcing all transaction fees to be paid in TAO only. This breaking change removes the alpha fee payment fallback mechanism entirely, simplifying the fee model but requiring all users to maintain TAO balance for transactions.

Simplified EMA flow initialization by removing complex price-based calculations. All subnets now start with zero TAO flow EMA instead of calculating initial value from min(price, ema_price), making the system more predictable and convergent.

Critical fix for TAO flow tracking accuracy in stake/unstake operations. Changed from swap result amounts to actual protocol liquidity changes, ensuring emission shares reflect true protocol TAO movement even during high slippage scenarios.

Cleanup and bugfix release resetting inactive subnets, removing obsolete total issuance migration, and fixing subnet emission calculation order. Targets edge cases where subnets were registered but never activated. Migration identifies inactive subnets (AlphaIssuance modified but FirstEmissionBlockNumber.is_none) and resets their emission counters for accurate accounting.

Major emissions architecture refactor splitting pending emission tracking into separate validator and server (miner) streams, introducing root sell flag mechanism to protect liquidity during low prices, adding burned alpha tracking, and fixing subsidy handling. Changes fundamentally alter emission flow from block rewards through the dual-token system.

Quick hotfix reverting and re-enabling TAO flow-based emission allocation with proper initialization. Fixes critical bug where TAO flow values were not initialized correctly, causing incorrect subnet emission distribution. Migration clears corrupted SubnetEmaTaoFlow storage and applies 1B initialization factor to min(price, ema_price) for correct scaling.

Major architectural upgrade introducing root claim dividends - a lazy-claim system replacing direct TAO dividends for root network stakers. Root stakers now accumulate claimable alpha across all subnets proportionally, then claim as TAO (via AMM swap) or keep as alpha. Also switches subnet emission allocation from EMA price to TAO flow-based calculation, removes deprecated collective pallet, and refactors swap pallet with type-safe interfaces and step-based execution engine.

Minor refinements focusing on registration immunity ordering reversal (older UIDs protected, newer first to lose immunity), auto-stake destination migration to per-subnet configuration, and subnet lock refund policy split by registration era. Legacy subnets maintain partial refunds while new subnets have lock fully burned on dissolution.

UID renumbering on trim, EVM key rate limiting, StakeWeight tracking, and Babe staging. Key changes: UID map cleared and rebuilt during trim (affects UID stability), AssociatedEvmAddress swapped with UIDs during renumbering, EVM associate operations now rate-limited (1 day default), StakeWeight added to neuron state tracking, and Babe epoch config staged for future consensus upgrade.

Mechanisms architecture refactoring release preparing for future extensibility and modular mechanism composition.

Auto-staking improvements, coldkey burn mechanics on child hotkey emissions, rate limiting storage consolidation, and network modality removal. Key features: validators can designate AutoStakeDestination coldkey, parent emissions from non-owned child hotkeys subject to burn_take_proportion (recycled to subnet), and unified rate limiting storage system.

Major architectural refactor separating transaction validation into dedicated extensions, critical bugfix for root subnet accounting (~70k TAO discrepancy corrected), and introduction of configurable neuron immunity limits for subnet owners. Drand pulse writes get priority boost to ensure randomness availability. Timelocked weight commits replace CRV3 naming for clarity.

Focused on transaction validation improvements and RPC enhancements. Commit-reveal validation now happens at transaction validation stage before mempool entry, preventing invalid reveals from wasting block space. Adds swap simulation RPCs for UX improvements, fixes subnet counter bugs for root/stable subnets, and prepares for hybrid consensus (Aura→Babe migration).

Major transaction fee overhaul introducing Alpha-based fees for unstaking/moving stake operations, with fees 10x lower than before (0.05 vs 0.5 per weight unit). Transaction fees now burn TAO (reduce TotalIssuance) instead of going to treasury. Commit-reveal v3 improvements add hotkey verification to prevent replay attacks and retry mechanism for missing drand pulses.

Critical fix for v3 emissions on low prices. Introduces subsidy mechanism that uses all alpha_emission and buys additional alpha from pool when price_i < tao_in_ratio, fixing insufficient liquidity errors. Reserve checks now directional (Buy checks alpha, Sell checks TAO).

Major type safety refactoring introducing AlphaCurrency wrapper type to prevent alpha/TAO confusion bugs. Enables transaction fees on staking operations (0.05% fee, FREE for intra-subnet operations), fixes commit-reveal weight masking exploit in epoch processing, and switches drand to every block. Breaking API changes require client updates but provide stronger type guarantees.

Bug fix and refinement release addressing staking mechanics edge cases, minimum stake thresholds, and proxy pallet improvements. DefaultMinStake reduced 10x (0.02→0.002 TAO) while nomination threshold properly calculated at ~10 TAO. Fixes subnet identity migrations, EVM association cleanup, and enhances proxy lifecycle tracking.

Minor hotfix for child hotkey cooldown configuration. Added root-only extrinsic to set PendingChildKeyCooldown and fixed bug where wrong cooldown constant was used.

Major hotkey swap feature enabling subnet-specific swaps with cheaper costs and emergency rate limiting. Two-mode system: full swap (all subnets) or targeted swap (single subnet).

Minor hotfix addressing subtoken validation in add_stake and clarifying staking documentation.

Major Yuma3 consensus implementation with bonds/dividends overhaul, new crowdloan pallet, aggregated staking extrinsics, and stake threshold enforcement. Represents a significant epoch algorithm upgrade with backward compatibility toggle.

Security hardening for deeply nested calls. Added 8-level depth limit in validate_transaction API and reverted drand threshold back to 5612500.

Trivial hotfix adjusting drand stale pulse blacklist threshold from block 5612500 to 5612400 (lowered by 100 blocks).

Security hardening release preventing transaction pool attacks. Added call filter to block nested batch calls, pre-validation for unstake_all extrinsics, and blacklisted stale drand pulses.

Major mathematical refactoring replacing signed fixed-point arithmetic with unsigned types (I96F32→U96F32, I110F18→U110F18) across emission, pricing, and staking. Added selective metagraph RPC, EVM key association, and commit-reveal improvements.

Precision fix for moving price EMA calculation. Added safeguard to prevent panics when FirstEmissionBlockNumber is not set for subnets created before v257.

Focus on subnet lifecycle management with explicit start_call functionality, alpha liquidity management tools (recycle/burn), timelock commitments, and critical emission precision fixes.

Major architectural overhaul introducing subnet-level economics with subnet owner hotkeys, dynamic fee redistribution, new utility/proxy pallets, and removal of EVM precompiles. Represents a significant governance and economic structural change.

Activity cutoff validation and permission tightening. Introduced MinActivityCutoff validation (360 blocks minimum) and restricted weights_set_rate_limit to root-only permissions.

Alpha price smoothing improvement using time-based decay. New subnets have lower alpha for faster price adjustment, while mature subnets have higher alpha for smoother prices.

Pending cooldown adjustment for child hotkey operations. Increased DefaultPendingCooldown from 1 block to 7,200 blocks (~1 day) to protect against rapid child hotkey manipulation.

Major maintenance release with Rust 2024 migration and architectural changes. Replaced Stake storage with Alpha tracking for improved subnet economics. Refactored EVM precompiles removing 600 lines of manual parsing. Enhanced delegate RPC to show per-subnet stakes.

Critical precision issue fix in dtao share pool system addressing InsufficientLiquidity errors occurring even with adequate pool liquidity. Adds comprehensive validation by simulating share pool updates before operations, preventing transactions from failing mid-execution and providing better error messages when operations would lose precision in fixed-point arithmetic (U64F64).

Massive expansion of EVM precompile interface enabling Solidity smart contracts to interact with subnet hyperparameters. Adds 27 new getter/setter methods for subnet configuration (rate limits, difficulty, weights, consensus parameters, registration toggles, commit-reveal settings, liquid alpha controls). Enables decentralized subnet governance and programmatic management from EVM contracts.

Critical hotfix deployed immediately after dtao launch (v233) to fix exponential moving average (EMA) price calculation bug. The bug allowed subnet pool prices to exceed 1.0 (100% TAO parity), breaking dtao model assumptions. Fix adds min(1.0) clamp to current price before EMA calculation.

The largest and most significant runtime upgrade in Subtensor history, introducing Dynamic TAO (dtao) economic model. Moves from single global TAO token to dual-token system where each subnet has native Alpha currency trading against TAO in automated liquidity pools. Creates subnet-specific economies with dynamic pricing and market-driven resource allocation. This is effectively Bittensor 2.0 - a complete economic redesign.

Security fix for governance requiring root privileges to close Senate/Triumvirate proposals. Prevents malicious actors from closing proposals by changing close() extrinsic from ensure_signed (anyone) to ensure_root (sudo only).

Mainnet deployment cleanup (January 7, 2025) with EVM balance converter overflow logging, pending childkey timing fix moving execution from step 4.5 to 4.3 (before emission drain), and registration check function rename. Pure code polish and ordering improvements.

Critical stake rate limit bug fix where counter was reset at wrong time, plus GRANDPA authority management and EVM whitelist disable flag additions. Key fix replaces buggy get_stakes_this_interval_for_coldkey_hotkey with try_increase_staking_counter for correct rate limit enforcement.

Major security and scalability upgrade introducing Commit-Reveal V3 with time-locked encryption via drand randomness, pending childkeys with cooldown periods, metagraph EVM precompile exposing subnet data to smart contracts, batch operations for multi-subnet weight setting, and unified StakeThreshold replacing separate minimums.

Governance adjustment significantly increasing set_children operation rate limit from dynamic tempo-based value (~2.4 hours) to fixed 7200 blocks (~24 hours). This 10x increase in cooldown period prevents rapid manipulation of child hotkey relationships while prioritizing stability over flexibility.

Critical hotfix preventing emission payouts to subnets where registration is disabled. Adds single conditional check (is_registration_allowed) at two critical points in emission distribution flow to ensure emission only flows to active subnets.

Major refactoring focused on emission distribution and childkey mechanics, including critical fix for pending emission accounting during hotkey swaps where emissions were stuck under null accounts. Includes extensive staking helper refactoring, removal of deprecated alpha staking functionality, EVM balance precision improvements, and childkey emission distribution enhancements.

MASSIVE RAO UPGRADE implementing the complete liquid staking system with dual-asset model (TAO global, Alpha subnet-specific), dynamic Global Weight annealing, mechanism-based emission, parent-child stake inheritance, new stake operations (move_stake, unstake_all), EVM precompiles, and subnet-locked TAO tracking. This is the most significant protocol upgrade fundamentally transforming staking, emission, and consensus.

Major feature release introducing Commit-Reveal V2 with tempo-based epochs and multiple concurrent commits, Root Weights Proxy for delegated authority, Polkadot SDK 1.16.0 upgrade, and key swap cost reduction from 1 TAO to 0.1 TAO. Reverts v201 weight validation change back to total stake.

Critical hotfix addressing emission distribution bugs introduced by hotkey swap operations. Introduces new stake delta tracking system to prevent emission gaming and recovers lost emissions for two validators (TaoStats and Datura). Changes weight validation to require subnet-specific minimum stake.

Reverts the LastAddStakeIncrease fix from v200, returning to emergency hotfix state with 'if false &&' pattern. Suggests the v200 fix introduced new problems in production despite resolving the overflow issue.

Re-enables LastAddStakeIncrease emission protection and fixes critical arithmetic overflow vulnerability in nominator emission calculation by reordering operations to calculate ratio first, then multiply.

Complete reversal of v197 Polkadot SDK upgrade plus critical emergency hotfix disabling LastAddStakeIncrease emission packing and fixing root subnet emission drain bug. All stake now eligible for emissions immediately.

Major Polkadot SDK upgrade to v1.16.0 with API modernization including RootWeights proxy type for delegated root weight setting and fix to neuron info RPC to show complete stake delegation relationships instead of single coldkey.

Major code restructuring spanning 30 versions with module decomposition using Rust's import_section macro system, plus introduction of childkey hierarchies for proportional stake delegation, subnet identities for on-chain metadata, and scheduled operations for coldkey swap timing.

Critical hotfix addressing data integrity in coldkey staking system through migration that recalculates TotalColdkeyStake values by iterating StakingHotkeys and summing actual stake amounts. Removes emergency coldkey swap backdoor.

Focused hotfix release addressing critical bugs in coldkey swap mechanism, specifically fixing how delegated stake is transferred by properly iterating StakingHotkeys relationships and using saturating_add to prevent stake overwrites.

Major rollback release completely removing the child hotkey system introduced in v162, eliminating schedule_coldkey_swap arbitration infrastructure, and restoring emission logic back to block_step.rs. Simplifies protocol by removing complex features.

Massive multi-feature release introducing child hotkeys with proportional emission splitting, comprehensive code reorganization moving emission logic into dedicated coinbase module, and expanded RPC surface for querying hierarchical key relationships.

Reintroduces arbitrated coldkey swaps with completely redesigned proof-of-work based system requiring valid PoW submission with exponentially increasing difficulty and 3-hour arbitration period before execution.

Major rollback removing the arbitrated coldkey swap mechanism entirely, replacing it with immediate unstake-and-transfer implementation. Eliminates complex multi-phase arbitration for simplicity and user experience.

Introduces coldkey arbitration system with multi-stage security preventing immediate coldkey swaps. Drain requests trigger 7-day waiting period, conflicting requests extend to 30 days, and 3+ requests block operations entirely.

Critical emergency preparedness release introducing Safe Mode as a temporary chain restriction mechanism during security incidents, plus a new unstake-and-transfer utility for coldkey migration scenarios.

Major feature release introducing coldkey swapping for complete identity migration, liquid alpha with dynamic per-validator bond coefficients based on consensus performance, and comprehensive safe arithmetic enforcement across the entire codebase to prevent overflow vulnerabilities.

Minimal runtime upgrade that expands the safe mode whitelist to include all Subtensor pallet operations, allowing subnet operations (staking, registration, weight setting) to continue during network emergencies.

This release introduces a Safe Mode pallet - a critical safety mechanism that allows the runtime to be temporarily paused during emergencies. This is a defensive infrastructure addition that enables rapid response to security incidents without requiring a full runtime upgrade. Spec version bumped: v153 → v154 Stats: +49 insertions, -5 deletions, 1 file (runtime/src/lib.rs) Commits: 2 - 28872d69b: Implement safe mode pallet - 76adc8f48: Bump spec version and safe mode enter duration

Minimal bug fix release. Only 30 insertions, 32 deletions across 6 files. Fixes critical bug in emission calculation for subnets with registration disabled.

** This is a minor cleanup release focused on code quality and correctness rather than functional changes. It removes conditional compilation of benchmarking code (now always compiled regardless of feature flags), replaces deprecated Rust standard library calls (max_value() → MAX), and fixes a subtle but critical bug in transaction priority calculation for set_root_weights where the wrong account was being checked for minimum stake requirements. The upgrade also standardizes on modern clippy-...

Runtime v151 represents a major infrastructure upgrade and governance enhancement, combining three significant initiatives: 1. Polkadot SDK v1.10 Upgrade - Framework modernization with improved transaction handling 2. Commit-Reveal Weights System - Anti-gaming mechanism for weight-setting with salt-based hashing 3.

Cleanup and bug fix release. Net -264 lines. Removed 2 completed migrations (account_data_migration, init_storage_versions).

** This upgrade introduces stake transaction rate limiting and nominator minimum stake requirements, addressing potential denial-of-service vectors from rapid stake/unstake operations while ensuring meaningful delegation amounts. It also implements a logarithmic TAO emission schedule tied to total issuance, moving the chain toward a finite 21M TAO supply with halving-style decay. The upgrade migrates staking accounting to properly separate stake from total issuance (staked TAO no longer count...

Runtime v148 fixes a critical edge case in the staking mechanism that prevented users from unstaking their entire balance. Previously, the minimum stake threshold check (NominatorMinRequiredStake) would always reject unstaking operations that left a balance below the threshold, even when unstaking to zero. This created a deadlock where users with exactly the minimum stake couldn't fully withdraw.

This is an emergency hotfix that relaxes registration rate limits by 3x to address an immediate network issue where legitimate registration transactions were being rejected. The change modifies a single validation check in the transaction pool validation logic, allowing subnets to accept up to 3x their target registration rate before rejecting transactions with ExhaustsResources. This was deployed as a fast-tracked patch (3 commits iterating on the fix) to restore normal registration function...

This upgrade introduces stake transaction rate limiting and nominator minimum stake requirements, addressing potential denial-of-service vectors from rapid stake/unstake operations while ensuring meaningful delegation amounts. It also implements a logarithmic TAO emission schedule tied to total issuance, moving the chain toward a finite 21M TAO supply with halving-style decay. The upgrade migrates staking accounting to properly separate stake from total issuance (staked TAO no longer counts a...

Runtime v145 is a minor operational update that increases transaction fees by 1000x (from 0.00000012 TAO to 0.00012 TAO base fee) to reduce spam and improve network economics. The massive line count (+51,156/-8) is not from dependency updates but from the addition of comprehensive Yuma Consensus documentation with 14 SVG visualization files explaining the game-theoretic framework, consensus mechanisms, and validator incentive alignment. The runtime code changes are minimal—only two lines modi...

Runtime version 144 is a pure version bump with zero functional changes. The single commit (cc10be694) increments the spec_version from 143 to 144 in runtime/src/lib.rs with no accompanying code modifications, indicating this was likely a coordination release to align the codebase spec_version with the deployed mainnet runtime version. This is an administrative change that updates the runtime metadata version identifier without altering any pallet logic, storage, events, calls, or consensus m...

This upgrade significantly empowers subnet owners by decentralizing control over subnet hyperparameters. Previously, 15+ critical subnet configuration parameters (difficulty, registration limits, consensus parameters, burn amounts, etc.) could only be modified by root sudo access. Now subnet owners can adjust these parameters for their own subnets, enabling faster iteration and subnet-specific tuning without requiring chain governance intervention.

Runtime v142 introduces a minimum stake threshold for setting weights, fundamentally changing who can participate in subnet consensus. This release adds WeightsMinStake as a new network-wide parameter that validators must meet to submit weight transactions. The change operates at the transaction validity layer, rejecting low-stake weight transactions before they enter the mempool.

Adds 149 lines implementing CommitmentsSignedExtension that makes set_commitment extrinsics free (Pays::No). Surgical economic change to remove barriers for metadata updates. Also fixes bug: set_network_pow_registration_allowed → set_network_registration_allowed.

Runtime v140 introduces a metadata commitment pallet that enables registered hotkeys to commit arbitrary hashed data to the chain. This is a foundational primitive for verifiable metadata storage, allowing validators and miners to publish commitments (hashes or small data blobs up to 128 bytes) with rate limiting and optional economic deposits. The pallet follows a similar pattern to pallet-identity but is purpose-built for subnet-scoped, per-hotkey commitments that can be used for validator ...

Major architectural refactoring that decentralizes administrative control by extracting 25+ sudo extrinsics into a new AdminUtils pallet while empowering subnet owners to configure their own parameters. Introduces Registry pallet for identity management, enables hotkey swapping without losing state, separates POW and burned registration controls, and refines subnet pruning logic.

Restricts MaxAllowedValidators configuration to root-only access (removing subnet owner privileges), reduces multisig deposit costs by 1000x to make multisig wallets affordable, and re-enables the faucet behind a conditional compilation flag for testnet use.

Security hardening release that disables proof-of-work registration by default on newly created subnets by setting difficulty to u64::MAX, forcing subnet creators to explicitly opt-in to POW. Also adjusts default difficulty adjustment interval from 500 to 360 blocks.

Introduces the Root Network (netuid 0) as a revolutionary governance mechanism where validators stake-weight vote on subnet quality to determine emission distribution, replacing centralized senate control with market-driven Yuma consensus. Enables permissionless subnet creation with economic locks (not burns) and formalizes subnet ownership with 18% revenue cuts.

Introduces user-created subnets with dynamic burn fees and competitive pruning, transitions to consensus-based proportional emissions determined by validator stake, simplifies governance by removing Senate and consolidating to Triumvirate, and adds Scheduler pallet for future automation.

Makes governance more responsive by allowing proposers to specify custom proposal durations and reducing default motion duration from 6 days to 12 hours, enabling faster senate decision-making for routine matters while maintaining minimum review thresholds.

Introduces exponential moving average (EMA) smoothing for proof-of-work difficulty and registration burn adjustments, allowing subnet owners to control volatility via the new adjustment alpha parameter while maintaining backward compatibility with default value of 0.

Addresses governance security by adding vote cleanup mechanisms when senate members are swapped or removed, preventing stale votes from influencing future proposals. Adds sudo extrinsic to remove votes from non-senate members.

Expands governance participation by lowering the senate stake requirement from 2% to 1% of network stake, increasing senate capacity from 10 to 12 members, and extending council motion voting period from 100 blocks to 6 days for better deliberation.

Administrative spec_version bump with no functional changes or mechanism modifications. Single-commit version increment for release tracking.

Introduces governance infrastructure with the Collective pallet (Triumvirate) and Senate system, allowing top delegates with >2% stake to join the senate and vote on proposals. Also adds Multisignature pallet support.

Separated server and validator emissions so delegates keep 100% of server rewards while sharing only validator rewards with nominators. Added max-upscale normalization, per-subnet registration toggles, and utility pallet features.

Adds the Utility pallet to enable batch transaction capabilities for the first time, allowing users to group multiple operations into single transactions for reduced costs and improved efficiency.

Introduces RAO recycling tracking for registration burns and automatic unstaking when hotkeys are fully deregistered. Also improves transaction priority for weight-setting and relaxes version key enforcement for forward compatibility.

Introduces hotkey-specific Proof-of-Work for registration, preventing work reuse attacks by binding each PoW solution to a specific hotkey. Also adds explicit call indices for metadata stability and filters zero-stake nominators from delegation queries.

Minor housekeeping release that removes duplicate test helper function. The substantive max-upscaling improvement for pruning scores was actually introduced in v116, improving precision for low-scoring neurons.

Mathematical improvement replacing standard normalization with max-upscaling for weights and pruning scores. Ensures highest values map to u16::MAX, preventing precision loss and improving dynamic range.

Pure code cleanup release removing two debugging/benchmarking helper functions (create_network and create_network_with_weights) that had no place in production runtime. Zero user-facing impact.

Bug fix release correcting overly restrictive validation in validator_exclude_quantile setter. Changed limit from 0-100 to full u16 range (0-65535) to properly represent fixed-point percentage values.

Critical bug fix that reorders add_stake validation checks to prevent loss of funds. Rate limit check now executes before balance withdrawal, ensuring transactional safety.

Implements validator-only stake weighting in epoch processing and adds transaction rate limiting infrastructure. Excludes non-validator stake from consensus calculations and tracks transaction timing to prevent spam attacks.

Critical hotfix that re-enables registration after v110 disabled it, fixes active stake calculation bug where validator permits incorrectly masked stake, and modifies transaction fee economics and priority handling.

Adds SubtensorSignedExtension to the transaction validation pipeline, creating a new validation layer that all extrinsics must pass through before execution.

Minimal maintenance release that adjusts transaction fee calculation by changing weight-to-fee polynomial coefficients to near-zero values, making transaction fees negligible.

Major pre-launch hardening update introducing transaction rate limiting, registration controls, validator-only stake consensus, improved total issuance tracking, and significantly updated hyperparameters. Disabled registrations as safety mechanism and upgraded to Polkadot v0.9.39.

RPC optimization update that reduces bandwidth by implementing SCALE Compact encoding for numeric fields and sparse representation for weights/bonds by filtering zero entries.

Significant refactoring that changes serving information storage from global to per-subnet scope, fixes genesis total issuance initialization, uses active stake for consensus calculations, and updates RPC methods to return SCALE-encoded bytes for forward compatibility.

Major regression release that downgraded Substrate from v0.9.39 to v0.9.37, removed transaction rate limiting safeguards, and simplified data structures. Reverted serving metadata from per-subnet to global scope and stripped advanced delegate analytics.

Critical fix for total issuance accounting bug that was incorrectly treating stake transfers as token creation/destruction. Removes TotalIssuance updates from staking operations and adds proper tracking during block emission.

Mainnet launch preparation upgrade that disables new registrations temporarily while adjusting initial hyperparameters to production values. Primary focus is controlling network growth during initial deployment with critical safety measures.

Initial Subtensor runtime — foundational substrate chain with basic neuron registration, staking, and consensus primitives.